If you're going to Egypt, check out the three great pyramids of Giza! A comprehensive guide to their attractions and highlights

When talking about travel to Egypt, the first thing that comes to mind is the magnificent pyramids. In particular, the three Great Pyramids of Giza are a symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization and attract tourists from all over the world. In this article, we will thoroughly explain the appeal and highlights of the three Great Pyramids of Giza for those of you who are planning a trip to Egypt. Please read it as a reference for your trip to experience the history and mystery of Egypt.

What are the three great pyramids of Giza?

There are three huge pyramids in Giza, Egypt, which are registered as World Heritage Sites. They were built by Pharaoh Khufu, Pharaoh Khafre, and Pharaoh Menkaure, and are named after them. Below, we will explain in detail the history, composition, and construction techniques of the three great pyramids of Giza.

History of the Pyramids

The history of pyramids began as a burial method for the ancient Egyptian pharaohs. The oldest pyramids were built about 4,500 years ago, and the most famous are the three Great Pyramids of Giza.

• Pyramid of Khufu: This is the largest pyramid, built around 2580 BC. It took about 20 years to build and was called "Khufu of the Horizon" at the time.
• Pyramid of Khafre: Built by Khufu's son, Khafre. It is slightly smaller than Khufu's pyramid, but is as famous as the Sphinx next to it.
• Pyramid of Menkaure: Built by King Menkaure, grandson of King Khufu. It is the smallest of the three great pyramids, but is noted for its intricacy and beauty.

Composition of the three great pyramids of Giza

Each of the three great pyramids at Giza is made up of huge stone blocks. Below are the basic components of each pyramid:

• Pyramid of Khufu:
  • Base：230.4m square
  • height: Originally 146.6 meters (now 138.8 meters)
  • Internal structure: There is an Ascended Passage, a Grand Gallery, a King's Chamber and a Queen's Chamber.
• Pyramid of Khafre:
  • Base：215.5m square
  • height: 143.5 meters (currently 136.4 meters)
  • Internal structure: There are underground rooms, ascending passages, and the king's chamber.
• Pyramid of Menkaure:
  • Base：102.2m square
  • height: 65.5 meters (currently 61 meters)
  • Internal structureThere are several burial chambers.

Pyramid building techniques

The construction of pyramids in Ancient Egypt was carried out using the most advanced techniques of the time. Below is a summary of the main construction techniques used.

• Stone mining and transportation: Mainly limestone and granite were used. They were transported dozens of kilometres from the quarries to the construction site, using manual labour and special tools.
• Accurate placement and measurementThe pyramids were built on a precise rectangle with each face pointing almost perfectly to the north. The Egyptian builders used measurements with great precision.
• WorkforceThe construction of the pyramids involved tens of thousands of workers, who were seasonal and had their own accommodation and food supply system.
• Construction TechnologyThe stone stacking techniques were extremely sophisticated, and precise techniques were required especially for constructing the interior corridors and rooms.

The Great Pyramids of Giza are one of the Seven Wonders of the World that remain to this day, thanks to their unique history and structure, as well as their incredible architectural techniques, giving a sense of the greatness of Ancient Egypt.

The allure of the Pyramid of Khufu

Overview of the Pyramid of Khufu

The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest pyramid located on the Giza Plateau in Egypt and is known as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Built around 2580 BC, it was built by Pharaoh Khufu (Kheops) of the 4th Dynasty of Egypt. The base of the pyramid is 230.4 meters square, and the original height was 146.6 meters, but it is now 138.8 meters.

The pyramid is made up of approximately 2.3 million limestone blocks, each weighing between 2.5 and 15 tons. This gigantic structure symbolizes the power of Khufu and the advanced technological capabilities of Egyptian civilization. The pyramid is also called "Khufu of the Horizon" and was built to convey the majesty and divinity of Khufu.

Internal structure of the Pyramid of Khufu

The internal structure of the Pyramid of Khufu is complex and one of the great mysteries of Egyptologists, as it contains several important chambers and passageways.

• entranceIt is located on the north side of the pyramid, and leads to a passageway that descends into an underground chamber.
• Ascending Passage: It branches off from the descending passage and leads to the King's Chamber and the Queen's Chamber.
• Grand CorridorPart of the ascending passage, this magnificent passage is 8.6 metres high and 47 metres long. This great corridor is located in the centre of the pyramid and leads to the King's Chamber.
• King's Hall: The most important chamber of the pyramid, believed to have housed the sarcophagus of Pharaoh Khufu. Made of granite, this chamber is located in the center of the pyramid.
• Queen's Chamber: A room located below the King's Chamber, it is believed that it was not actually used by Khufu's family. Its purpose remains unclear, but it may have been used for religious purposes.
• Ventilation shaft: Narrow shafts leading from the King's and Queen's Chambers to the outside. They are not for ventilation but are thought to have religious or ceremonial significance.

Sightseeing points of Khufu Pyramid

The Pyramid of Khufu is a must-see for many tourists due to its grand scale and historical background. Here are some things to look out for when visiting the pyramid:

• Pyramid exteriorFirst of all, you will be struck by its sheer size. Walk around the pyramid and observe the precision with which the stones are laid.
• Interior tour: If you are allowed to enter the inside of the pyramid, you can visit the ascending passage, the Great Gallery, and the King's Chamber. However, since there are many narrow and steep passages inside, we recommend that you are physically fit.
• Solar Boat Museum: On the south side of the pyramid is the Solar Boat Museum, where you can see Khufu's solar boat and learn more about ancient Egyptian funeral rites.
• Scenery around the pyramidsBehind the pyramids, the cityscape of Cairo spreads out. It's a great spot for taking photos, where you can enjoy the contrast between ancient and modern times.
• Sound and Light ShowAt night, a sound and light show takes place in the pyramids, where you can enjoy the history of the pyramids and Egyptian mythology through the use of light and sound.

The Pyramid of Khufu is a highlight of Egyptian tourism, where you can feel its grandeur and historical significance. When you visit, be sure to keep these points in mind to enjoy it to the fullest.

Highlights of the Pyramid of Khafre

Overview of the Pyramid of Khafre

The Pyramid of Khafre is the second largest of the three great pyramids of Giza. It was built by Khafre, the son of Khufu, and completed between 2558 and 2532 BC. Its original height was 143.5 metres, but its present height is 136.4 metres.

The Pyramid of Khafre is located southwest of the Pyramid of Khufu and has a unique feature in that it still has some of its limestone exterior at the top, giving a glimpse into how beautiful and glorious the pyramid must have been. It also has a steeper slope than the other two, giving it a more powerful appearance.

Relationship with the Sphinx

In front of the Pyramid of Khafre stands the Great Sphinx, one of the most famous monuments in Egypt. The Great Sphinx is a huge statue with a lion's body and a human head, said to have been made to resemble the face of Pyramid Khafre. The Sphinx symbolizes the authority and divinity of Pyramid Khafre, and has a strong connection to the pyramids.

The Sphinx is a huge stone statue 20 meters high and 73 meters long, and its creation required highly advanced sculpting techniques. The face of the Sphinx is said to capture the features of Pharaoh Khafre, and its mysterious smile captivates visitors. There is much debate about the role of the Sphinx, but it is generally believed to represent the sun god Ra and to guard the pyramids.

Sightseeing points of the Pyramid of Khafre

The Pyramid of Khafre is a must-see for many tourists due to its grandeur and historical value. Below are some things to keep in mind when visiting the Pyramid of Khafre:

• Pyramid exteriorThe exterior of the Pyramid of Khafre is characterized by its height and its inclination. The limestone exterior that remains at the top is also a point of interest. As you walk around the pyramid, you will be amazed by its size and architectural technique.
• Visiting the Sphinx: You can feel the power of the Great Sphinx in front of the pyramid up close. Take a close look at the expression on the Sphinx's face and the detailed carvings. There is also a Sphinx Temple at the foot of the Sphinx, which you can visit as well.
• Interior tour: The interior of the Pyramid of Khafre has a complex structure similar to that of the Pyramid of Khufu. Tourists can visit the internal passages and burial chambers. However, the interior is narrow and the passages are steep, so it is recommended for those who are confident in their physical strength.
• Around the Pyramid: The pyramid of Khafre is surrounded by several sub-pyramids and tombs belonging to Khafre's family and officials, providing insight into the tomb culture of ancient Egypt.
• Photo spotThere are several spots where you can take photos of the Pyramid of Khafre and the Sphinx together. Taking photos in the morning or evening light creates a fantastic atmosphere.

The Pyramid of Khafre impresses visitors with its historical background, architectural techniques, and strong connection to the Sphinx. Please make sure to check out these sightseeing points to enjoy the Pyramid of Khafre to the fullest.

Enjoy the Pyramid of Menkaure

Overview of the Pyramid of Menkaure

The Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three great pyramids on the Giza Plateau. It was built by the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Menkaure (2532-2503 BC). The pyramid's base is 102.2 meters square, and its original height was 65.5 meters, but its current height is about 61 meters.

The Pyramid of Menkaure is smaller than the other two pyramids, but it is characterized by its elaborate architecture and beautiful appearance. Granite is partially used for the outer wall of the pyramid, giving it a unique style from the other pyramids. In addition, sub-pyramids were built around the pyramid for the family and high officials of Pyramid Menkaure.

Differences from other pyramids

The Pyramid of Menkaure has some notable differences compared to the Pyramids of Khufu and Khafre.

• scaleThe Pyramid of Menkaure is the smallest of the three great pyramids, but its small size allows it to have more detailed decoration and elaborate architecture.
• materialThe lower part of the outer wall is made of granite, and its reddish color creates a beautiful contrast with the other two pyramids. It is believed that Pharaoh Menkaure chose this material with special intention.
• Internal structureThe interior of the Pyramid of Menkaure is more complex than the other two pyramids, with many chambers and passageways. The burial chamber in particular is elaborately constructed and its design is technologically advanced.
• Sub-pyramid: Three smaller sub-pyramids for the queen and royal family are located around the Pyramid of Menkaure. These were used as royal tombs and give the Pyramid of Menkaure a sense of unity in its overall layout.

Sightseeing spots at the Pyramid of Menkaure

The Pyramid of Menkaure is a must-see spot for many tourists due to its unique charm and historical value. Below are some points to note when visiting the pyramid.

• Pyramid exteriorFirst of all, pay attention to its compact and beautiful appearance. In particular, the granite part used at the bottom is a feature not seen in other pyramids. Please take a look at the details as you walk around the pyramid.
• Interior tourThe interior of Menkaure's pyramid is well worth a visit, with narrow passageways leading to elaborate burial chambers and other chambers, an intricate internal structure and a glimpse into the technical sophistication of ancient Egyptian architecture.
• Sub-pyramid: Near the Pyramid of Menkaure, there are three sub-pyramids. You can also visit these smaller pyramids and learn about the history of Pharaoh Menkaure's family and the royal family.
• Surrounding area: The area around the Pyramid of Menkaure is a great spot from which you can see the entire Giza Plateau. You can enjoy the contrast with the Pyramids of Khufu and Khafre in the distance.
• Photo SpotTaking photos with the Pyramid of Menkaure and its sub-pyramids in the background will be a wonderful memory. Especially at dusk, the fantastic atmosphere is great for taking photos.

Although the Pyramid of Menkaure is small, it has its own unique charm and historical value. By checking out these sightseeing points, you can fully enjoy the Pyramid of Menkaure as one of the highlights of your trip to Egypt.

Preparation and advice for visiting the pyramids

What to wear and what to bring

To get the most out of your visit to the pyramids, it's important to dress appropriately and bring the right equipment.

• Clothing:
  • Lightweight, breathable clothing: The weather in Egypt is very hot, so we recommend wearing breathable cotton clothing.
  • Long sleeves and pants: It is best to wear long sleeve shirts and long pants to cover your skin and avoid the sun, and also to protect against dust, as this is a desert area.
  • Hat and sunglasses: Bring a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses to protect your eyes and face from the strong sunlight.
  • scarf: It is useful to carry a scarf to protect your face from sandstorms and strong sunlight.
  • Comfortable shoes: The area around the pyramids is rocky and sandy, so you will need sturdy shoes. Sneakers or trekking shoes are recommended.
• What to bring:
  • water: Carry plenty of water with you to avoid dehydration, especially in the summer.
  • Sunscreen: Apply a high SPF sunscreen to protect your skin from strong UV rays.
  • Snacks: It is a good idea to bring snacks and fruit to refuel.
  • camera: Don't forget to bring your camera to capture the amazing views of the pyramids.
  • cash: It's useful to carry a small amount of cash for small purchases and tips.

The best time to visit

Timing your visit is also important to enjoy your visit to the pyramids.

• season:
  • Autumn to Spring (October to April): This is the best season for sightseeing as temperatures are relatively mild during this period. The cool weather, especially from November to February, makes it a comfortable time to visit.
  • Summer (May to September): It's very hot, so it's not a good place for sightseeing, but it's comfortable if you visit early in the morning or in the evening.
• Time Zone:
  • early morning: It's best to visit early in the morning, when there are fewer tourists and the temperature is still cool. The view of the pyramids at sunrise is especially beautiful.
  • eveningThe temperature drops after the sun sets, making it a good time to visit. The pyramids bathed in the sunset create a fantastic sight.

How to choose a guided tour

To gain a deeper understanding and enjoyment of your visit to the pyramids, it is a good idea to take a guided tour. Pay attention to the following points when choosing an appropriate guided tour.

• Reliability: Check the reviews on review sites and travel agencies, and choose a guide you can trust. It is important that the guide is qualified.
• language: Choose a guide who can speak a language you can understand. There are many guides in Egypt who can speak English and Japanese.
• Contents: Check the tour details to see if they include the places you want to see and the points of interest you have. We recommend a tour that provides detailed information about the history of the pyramids and their construction techniques.
• Group Size: Small group tours allow for more personalized attention and a more enriching experience, so choose a small group or private tour over a large tour.
• Fee: Compare the price and the services offered and choose a tour that satisfies you. You don't need to pay too much, but be careful of tours that are too cheap.

Use these tips to help you prepare and make the most of your visit to the Egyptian pyramids.

summary

The three great pyramids in Giza, Egypt are must-see tourist spots where you can feel the mystery and wonder of ancient civilization. Exploring the unique charm and history of each of the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure will make your trip to Egypt even more fulfilling. Use this article as a reference and spend an unforgettable trip to the three great pyramids of Giza, full of history and mystery.