The Acropolis and the Parthenon in AthensAncient GreeceThese monuments, built in the 5th century BC, represent the devotion of the goddess Athena and the pride of the Athenian people.
In this article, we will introduce the highlights of the Acropolis, including the overall view, detailed architecture, sculptures, and decorations of the Parthenon,The latest ticket information and access methodsWe hope this will be useful for anyone considering visiting the Acropolis.
- The Acropolis of Athens
- What is the Parthenon?
- What is the difference between the Acropolis and the Parthenon?
- The Acropolis as a World Heritage Site
- How to visit the Acropolis and the Parthenon and ticket information
- How to get to the Acropolis and what to see
- summary
The Acropolis of Athens
Acropolis Overview
The Acropolis is a limestone hill located within the city of Athens.Ancient GreeceIt is known as the religious and political center of the city of Athens. It is about 150 meters above sea level and can be seen from almost all over the city. The word "Acropolis" means "high city" in Greek, and it served as the place where the guardian temples and important buildings of the city-state (Polis) were gathered.
It is also called the "Acropolis of Athens" because the area currently located in Athens was called "Athens" at the time.
The Acropolis' most famous building is the Parthenon, built in the 5th century BC. The temple was dedicated to the goddess Athena, the patron saint of Athens.Ancient GreeceA symbol of the pinnacle of architectural technique and artistryOther important buildings include the Erechtheion, the Temple of Athena Nike, and the Propylaea (the entrance gate to the Acropolis).
Historical Background of the Acropolis
The history of the Acropolis dates back to prehistoric times, with early settlement dating back to around 2000 BC, but the Acropolis' real development began during the Classical period in the 5th century BC, when Athens celebrated its victories in the Persian Wars by building a series of magnificent buildings on the Acropolis.
Under Pericles' leadership, the Acropolis was rebuilt and the Parthenon was completed as its centerpiece. The Acropolis continued to play various roles throughout the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods, especially under Ottoman rule, where the Parthenon was used as a mosque.
In the 19th century, the Acropolis was heavily damaged during the Greek War of Independence, but subsequent archaeological surveys and restoration work restored it to its present-day state. The Acropolis was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, and is still a popular tourist destination today.
The Importance of the Acropolis
The Acropolis isAncient GreeceIt is a symbol of civilization and has served as the spiritual and cultural center of the city of Athens. It is home to many architectural and sculptural works that contributed greatly to the development of Greek democracy, philosophy and art.Ancient GreeceThey represent religious faith and political authority in the world, and many of them have had a major influence on modern architecture and art.
The Parthenon isAncient GreeceIt is considered a masterpiece of Greek architectural technique and artistry, its design and decoration are still the subject of study in architecture and art history today, and the Acropolis as a whole is a symbol of Greek independence and identity, and a valuable cultural heritage for people all over the world.
The importance of the Acropolis is not just as a heritage site, but also as a contemporary cultural and educational resource.Ancient GreeceYou will have the opportunity to experience the great civilizations of the world and their heritage, and deepen your understanding of their history and culture.
What is the Parthenon?
Why was the Parthenon built?
The Parthenon isAncient GreeceA magnificent temple located in the center of the Acropolis in Athens, dedicated to Athena Parthenos (Virgin Athena). Its construction took place between 447 and 432 BC, and many outstanding architects and sculptors participated under the direction of the Athenian statesman Pericles. The main architects were Iktinos and Kallikratis, and the sculptor Phidias acted as general superintendent.
The Parthenon was built using white marble from Pentelicon, the transportation and processing of which required advanced technology and an enormous amount of labor.Built to celebrate the Athenian victory in the Persian WarsIt became a symbol of faith and pride for the Athenian people.
Parthenon architecture
The Parthenon is built in the Doric architectural style, which is particularly famous among classical Greek architecture. The Doric style is characterized by its simple yet powerful design, and the Parthenon is considered to be the most representative example of this style. The temple is built on a rectangular base approximately 69.5 meters long and 30.9 meters wide, and is surrounded by 46 Doric columns.
Each column is 10.4 metres high and 1.9 metres in diameter, with subtle adjustments to the spacing and angles of the columns to correct visual distortion and create the illusion of perfect straightness when viewed from a distance. The proportions and dimensions of the entire building follow the golden ratio, giving the viewer a sense of aesthetic balance.
The building is a complex of 1000m2, 100m3, 100m4, and 100m5, and is the largest of its kind in the world.
Highlights of the Parthenon's sculptures and decorations
The sculpture and decoration of the Parthenon was created under the supervision of Phidias.Ancient GreeceIt is considered a masterpiece of art. The east and west sides of the temple have magnificent pediments (gable decorations), depicting the birth of Athena and the struggle between Athena and Poseidon, respectively. These sculptures are characterized by their extremely realistic and dynamic expressions, and demonstrate the high level of sculpting technology at the time.
The Parthenon's frieze is also decorated with sculptures depicting the Panathenaea procession, which depicts Athenians carrying offerings to Athena, and continues around the temple. The frieze is about 160 meters long, and its intricate carvings still amaze viewers today.
What is the difference between the Acropolis and the Parthenon?
The Parthenon is located on the Acropolis
The Parthenon, located within the Acropolis, is a magnificent building that can be said to be the symbol of Athens and is the central presence of the entire Acropolis.Ancient GreeceIt was the religious, political and cultural centre of Athens, and the Parthenon at its core embodied the faith in the goddess Athena and the pride of the Athenian people.
The Parthenon is located on the south side of the Acropolis, overlooking the entire city of Athens from its high point. The location of the temple gives it a special presence while blending in with the other buildings on the Acropolis. While the entire Acropolis was considered a sacred place, the Parthenon was the most important religious site and the center of the worship of the goddess Athena.
The Parthenon was built in the 15th century as a temple in the city of Athens, and was the seat of the Greek gods. It was built in the 15th century as a temple in the city of Athen ...
The role of the Parthenon in ancient Athens
The Parthenon served many important roles in ancient Athens. First, as a religious temple, it was the main place of worship for the goddess Athena.The center where Athenians hold their daily prayers and ceremoniesThe temple housed a huge statue of Athena Parthenos, which symbolized the power and protection of the goddess Athena.
Secondly, the Parthenon was a symbol of Athens' political and cultural identity. Built to commemorate the victory in the Persian Wars, it represented the courage, unity and democratic spirit of the Athenian people. As the most iconic building of Athens' Golden Age, the Parthenon enhanced civic pride and symbolized the city's cultural prosperity.
Thirdly, the Parthenon also served as the site of important festivals, such as the Panathenaea, which celebrated the birthday of the goddess Athena and involved large processions and the dedication of offerings to the goddess, centered around the Parthenon. Such festivals strengthened the unity of the Athenian people and provided an opportunity to reaffirm their community identity.
Finally, the Parthenon is considered a masterpiece of art and architecture.Ancient GreeceIt also had a tremendous influence on later generations of architecture and culture. Its beautiful design and sculptures have become a symbol of Greek art, and continue to attract many researchers and tourists even today. The Parthenon's heritage plays an important role in conveying to future generations the greatness of Greek culture and its universal value.
The Acropolis as a World Heritage Site
How the Acropolis became a World Heritage Site
The Acropolis of Athens was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1987. This inscription recognises the Acropolis's immense value as a cultural heritage of humanity and is the result of worldwide recognition of its historical, artistic and architectural significance.
The Acropolis' inscription on the World Heritage List is a long and historical process.Ancient GreeceThe Acropolis has been influenced by many eras, from the early Antiquity through the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods, to modern times, but has retained its cultural heritage. In the 19th century, it was heavily damaged during the Greek War of Independence, but was later rediscovered through archaeological investigations and restoration work.
The Acropolis was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1987 as a symbol of Greek history and culture.Ancient GreeceIt was an important step towards preserving the heritage of this civilisation. The inscription emphasised the beauty of the Acropolis complex and its cultural significance, in particular its main buildings: the Parthenon, the Erechtheion, the Temple of Athena Nike and the Propylaea.
Acropolis conservation and restoration projects
Due to its historical importance and popularity as a tourist attraction, the Athenian Acropolis has undergone conservation efforts and restoration projects over the years, which have been essential to safeguard the Acropolis' architecture and preserve its cultural heritage for future generations.
Conservation efforts began in the late 19th century, and in the 20th century, major restoration projects were launched by the Greek government and international teams of experts, aiming to improve the stability and preservation of the building by using modern techniques and materials, while respecting ancient building techniques.
The restoration of the Parthenon in particular was large-scale and complex. Many of the temple's columns and sculptures were damaged, so detailed investigations and analysis were carried out, and restoration work was carried out to reproduce the original state as much as possible. The restoration placed importance on using the original marble, and reconstructing the damaged parts required high skill and precision work.
Other important buildings, such as the Erechtheion and the Temple of Athena Nike, were also included in the restoration. These projects involved not only the physical preservation of the buildings, but also the development of infrastructure to make them safe for tourists to visit.
Furthermore, education and outreach activities play an important role in the conservation and restoration of the Acropolis, providing information and exhibits to help visitors understand its history and cultural significance and to allow them to better understand the Acropolis' heritage.
These preservation activities and restoration projects are important efforts to pass on the Acropolis' universal value to future generations, and thanks to these efforts the Acropolis remains a beloved and visited place by so many people today.
How to visit the Acropolis and the Parthenon and ticket information
To visit the Acropolis, you will need an admission ticket for each site.
Although it is possible to purchase tickets on-site, by reserving tickets in advance you can make the most of your time and enjoy your trip to the fullest. Below are the main types of tickets available.
Acropolis and Parthenon ticket types
Acropolis & Parthenon Ticket with Audio Guide
This ticket offers skip-the-line access to the Acropolis and Parthenon, shortened waiting times, and includes an audio guide in English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, or Chinese, providing a deeper insight into the myths and history of ancient Athens.Prices start from €13in,Official websiteReservations can be made at.
Acropolis Entrance Ticket + Digital Hellenistic Heritage Guide
Your ticket includes entry to the Acropolis and Parthenon with no waiting times, a digital Hellenistic Heritage Guide and the freedom to explore at your own pace. Your ticket will be delivered instantly to your email.Prices start from €13is.
Acropolis Skip-the-Line Ticket with Audio Guide
This ticket includes skip-the-line access to the Acropolis and Parthenon, plus two audio guides, one for the Acropolis and one for the city of Athens, available in multiple languages, allowing you to experience both the history of ancient Athens and the modern cityscape.Prices start from €19in,Official websiteReservations are recommended.
Athens Multi-Attraction Pass with Audio Tour
The pass is valid for 5 days from first use and allows entry to the major archaeological sites of Athens, including the Acropolis and the Parthenon. These include the Ancient Agora, the Temple of Zeus, and the Kerameikos. Audio guides for each site are also included.Prices start from €36is.
Acropolis Ticket and Guided Tour
This option includes admission to the Acropolis and Parthenon, plus a 90-minute tour with a licensed, expert guide, who will take you to highlights such as the Theater of Dionysus and the Sanctuary, providing a deeper understanding of the history and significance of these ancient sites.The price is €52So,Official websiteReservations can be made at.
Is it possible to enter the Acropolis or the Parthenon for free?
Citizens of the European Union (EU) who are under 25 years of age are eligible for free entry, as are non-EU nationals under 18 years of age (both require proof of age and nationality).
Additionally, admission to the Acropolis is free for all visitors on the following dates:
- March 6:Melina Mercouri Day
- March 25: Greek Independence Day
- May 18: International Museum Day
- Last weekend of September: European Heritage Day
- October 28: Greek Holidays
How to get to the Acropolis and what to see
Access and surrounding facilities
Access to the Acropolis in Athens is very convenient and is a popular spot visited by many tourists. The main ways to access it from the city of Athens are as follows.
public transport: The best way to get to the Acropolis is by metro. Acropolis Station is located on the south side of the Acropolis and can be reached in just a few minutes on foot. Take metro line 2 (red line) and get off at Acropolis Station, which is just a few minutes walk from the entrance to the Acropolis.
bus: There are many bus routes in Athens, including bus stops around the Acropolis. There are also buses that go directly to the Acropolis from Syntagma Square, making it very convenient.
By foot: It is also possible to walk to the Acropolis from the city's main attractions, particularly from the districts of Plaka and Monastiraki, where you can walk along cobbled streets and past beautiful views and historic buildings along the way.
Nearby facilities: There are many tourist attractions and facilities around the Acropolis. The Acropolis Museum is a must-see, displaying many of the Acropolis' excavations and historical exhibits. The museum is located at the base of the Acropolis, making it a convenient place to stop by before or after your visit. There are also cafes, restaurants and souvenir shops in the Plaka and Monastiraki districts where you can take a break and enjoy a meal between sightseeing.
What to see at the Acropolis
The Acropolis is dotted with many historical buildings and ruins, and there are countless attractions to see. Below are the main spots that you should definitely visit.
Propylaia: This is the grand gate at the entrance to the Acropolis through which visitors first enter. Made of white and blue marble, its luxurious structure isAncient GreeceYou can get a glimpse of the architecture.
Erechtheion: Located on the north side of the Acropolis, this temple features unique architecture and beautiful caryatids (pillar statues of women). The Erechtheion is dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon and has an intriguing mythological background.
Temple of Athena Nike: A small temple in the southwest corner of the Acropolis, dedicated to Athena Nike, the goddess of victory, offers beautiful views over the city of Athens.
Odeon of Herodes Atticus: Located on the southern slope of the Acropolis, this Roman theater still hosts concerts and plays and is well worth a visit for its mix of ancient and modern.
What to see at the Parthenon
The Parthenon is the most famous structure in the centre of the Acropolis and has a wide range of attractions.
Appearance: The Parthenon is a perfect example of Doric architecture, its symmetrical columns and proportions captivating visitors, and is especially spectacular when lit by the morning and evening sun.
Pediment (gable decoration): The east and west gables of the temple are decorated with sculptures depicting the birth of Athena and the struggle between Athena and Poseidon.Ancient GreeceIt is an important work of art that conveys the myths and history of the
Frieze: The frieze that runs around the temple depicts the Panathenaea procession, and is a finely carved piece that offers a rare glimpse into the life and faith of Athenian citizens at that time.
Athena Parthenos Statue: The temple once housed a gigantic statue of Athena Parthenos, created by Phidias. This magnificent statue was made of gold and ivory, and its size and beauty astonished visitors. A copy is now on display, but its power is still as impressive as ever.
Panoramic view of the whole landscape: The Parthenon overlooks the whole city of Athens and is well worth a visit, especially at dusk when the temple and the city are lit up by the beautiful sunset.
A visit to the ParthenonAncient GreeceIt is an important experience to gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the city. Exploring the entire Acropolis while admiring its architectural beauty and historical background will be an unforgettable experience for visitors.
summary
The Acropolis and the Parthenon in AthensAncient GreeceIt is a symbol of outstanding architectural technique and artistry, and is highly regarded as a World Heritage Site.
Experience the enchantment of the Athenian Acropolis and the Parthenon, and experience a magnificent ancient heritage that will leave you feeling connected to the present.
English 
日本語